History revision Essay

archives- What historiographers chose to interpret from the endure render of the past Source + historians = Histories invariablyy last(predicate) historians save their own views and vexs due(p) to their fostering hence that the process of selection and translation distorts our knowledge further. Issues in historiography Training of historians objectiveness in floor Oral societies and tale Problems of historical research Universal level secernate- selection Source- How? Truth- Consensuses Context/ Perspectives Selection- Who decides? Interpretation decreeIdeology- Reputation, perspective, emerging ideas, lack of evidence actors line and technique- To place emphasis and how historians chose to say methodological systemal summary- How the representation you put the sources? (cross-examine, verification) Facts in history muniment from above or below source Judgement- Whose? Audience Linguistics biography and Ideology- policy-making beliefs influence Explicit vs. Implicit Something understandably or implied Form of publications- poems, speech What argon historical facts? Carl Becker 1. register is subjective- personal desires and prejudices (history changes on with societys values) 2.History is understand differently between people (interpreting what in the past is though) 3. History stacknot be re-enacted as a series of events 4. History is write on how much the Historian can extract from the evidence and his knowledge- background, audience, purpose, motive. 5. History is pre-occupied with ice-cold and hard facts and not small point (the obvious history) Case Study Herodotus The historian Born at Halicarnassus (485 BC 425 BC) Exiled due to conspiring against Persians Merchant and pass awayler classic Historian Cannot be free form stroke (critical judgement)Educated (upper class) Harnessed ill feelings to state of wards Persian Motive and Purpose for Writing These are the researches of Herodotus of Halicarnassus, which he p ublishes, in the hope of thereby preserving from decay the remembrance of what men have done, and of preventing the great(p) and wonderful actions of the Greeks and the foreigners from losing their due indispensableness of idealization and to put on write down what were their grounds of feud To commemorate To pertain the memory of the past by lay on record the astonishing achievements two of his and other people and more particularly.To yield how they come into conflict To record the glory of Greeks To record stories even where truth is out of the question (fantasises, legends) Inspired by pedestal and Hecateus methodological analysis and Technique Witness accounts Values Reports Sources Interests Viewpoints Evidence Books Entertainment Evidence Observations The Mind Enquiries manner of speaking and Style (words and phrases chosen, speeches, audience) Future Generations Peoples viewpoint/ indication Memories Opinions Rumours Claims Honour Home and Hecateus Orally- entert aining Conflicting accounts Type of History Anthropology- study of mankind EthnologyTraditions, cultures and religious stories- oracles, wonders, marvels, dreams, myths, omens, sacrifices, prophecies, fables Societies- commonplace practices Orators, politicians, demagogues, battles and warriors Polyphonic Constructed and recorded Books- customs, legends, history and custom (The Histories) War between Persia and Greece Social and literary narrative Similar work sprint from predecessors (Homer and Hecateus oral historians) Knowledge from his extensive travels Consulted witnesses and examined whenever practical and dreams, oracles and portents His opinion on plausible reports from improbable onesIntention of publishing hence cosmos bias (perspective) Poetry (exaggeration) Impact of the historian on historiography Set a banner no matter what (guidelines and rules) Creation of westerly historical paternity Include everything/ everybody establish on research Establishes historical theme as freely economic, political and diplomatic, social, sexual, religious, armed services or naval History as a field (social, cultural, gendered, religious, political, armed services An interrogative Storytelling and discipline Father of history and lies Establishes history as a mode of storytellingsituation modernism Vocabulary Commemorative elysian interjection Greek pride truehearted Remembrance Perspective of elite Greek society Broad Perspective overplus Case Study- Thucydides The historian 460BC- 400 BC Elite, wealthy, male Early military flight was cut short due to abomination in capital of Greece One of Athens ten generals Failing to save Amphipholis, he spends 20 years in exile. He returned at 404 BC. He has the opportunity to travel to both sides during the Peloponnesian War era of the sophists- uses debates and rhetoric to argue issues Sceptical and sageMotive and Purpose for Writing My work is not a piece of authorship designed to meet the taste of an qu ick public, but was done to last for ever I have written my work, not as an essay which is to win the cheering of the moment, but as a willpower for all time Wrote the history of the war between the Peloponnesians and the Athenians that it would be a great war and more worthy of intercourse than any that had preceded it Does not glorify war To record Methodology and Technique towering value on eyewitness testimoniesEpisodes of himself fetching part Consulted written documents Interviews of participants Does not live divine interventions Modern historical objectivity Chronology- summers and winters Debates that he records From memory Sharp analysis of causes and force plays Language and Style (words and phrases chosen, speeches, audience) To last through the ages Prose literature Speeches- adds realism Cross-examination lustiness of their ideas on logic and rational thought process Debates Morals Type of History semipolitical and military historyDetailed writing of military , naval battles, preparation for battles, encouraging speeches by generals, effects and consequences of war Peloponnesians War Events (no arts, literature or society) War of Greeks- disputes, colonies, war, envoys Fast moving, precise, directed, decisive, cautiously structured and highly analytic austere chronological method Monologic Constructed and recorded sophists speeches (used debates and arguments and prevent argument, view and counter view, opinion and counter opinion) ObjectiveBook- History of the Peloponnesian War Headlined and narrow events- military and political and diplomatic Impact of the historian on historiography Invention of a chronological way Developed an understanding of tender-hearted nature explaining behaviours in such crises (plagues, massacres and complaisant war) instead on divine intervention History is based on logic and rational reasons and thinking Increased of true statement and reliability of sources Sharp analysis of causes and effectFather o f scientific history- tight standard of evidence gathering and analysing of evidence History was to learn from the past hence making better decisions in the future tense Didactic- to teach Vocabulary Rhetoric of question with phrases like Devoted in evoking in detail Focus on a great historical boundary, a period of war Analytical No criticisms Refers to an interpretation Innovative Critical World history Case Study- Horrible Histories, Teary favourite Aim/ purpose Entertainment, monetary, childrens interest in historyMotive create a statement (anti-authority & context) as take aim interest in history is declining Methodology Consults historians (record, writing, collecting) Have professional actors Scripts (Performance) Series on Television (BBC) Language/ style showy bright colours In a humorous way Stories about people, in dramatic situations, with jokes Gags Imagination Impact refocus the presentation of history to young children From being dry and dull to with humour History is now acceptable to be shown on TV for children Information of history has changed dramatically Case Study- Bede